Taxation of Ill Gotten Gains in South Africa

It has as of late been accounted for in the press that SARS has held up a case for R183 million in annual duty against the home of the killed mining head honcho, Brett Kebble in regard of the R2 billion purportedly taken by him from the mining organizations of which he was an executive. It is additionally detailed that the Master of the High Court has dismissed the case in light of the fact that the sums on which SARS tried to exact expense established cash taken by Kebble, and that taken cash isn't dependent upon personal assessment. It has been accounted for that SARS is to take the Master?s choice in such manner on audit. Why the issue is being challenged based on audit, as unmistakable from the customary procedure of evaluation followed by protest and bid, isn't clear. An audit is concerned distinctly with the consistency of the procedure by which a choice was reached, not with the rightness of the choice itself. A disputable issue of duty law The Kebble case raises an intriguing and uncertain expense issue and, taking into account the enormous aggregate in question, it might be a case that will go right to the Supreme Court of Appeal and bring long-late conviction to the law. The Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (the Act) is of no help with deciding the issue. Segment 23(o) states that installments that are unlawful regarding Chapter 2 of the Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act No. 12 of 2004 or that establish a fine or punishment for any unlawful action completed in the Republic (or in some other nation if that movement would be unlawful whenever done in the Republic) are not deductible for annual duty purposes. There is, in any case, nothing in the Act to state that the beneficiary of degenerate or illicit installments is (or isn't) expose to personal expense on such sums, and this issue must, along these lines, be settled by the use of custom-based law, in other words, regarding standards set somewhere around the courts. In COT v G [1981] (43 SATC 159) the Appellate Division of Zimbabwe held that an individual who takes cash doesn't â€Å"receive† it in the sense thought about in the meaning of â€Å"gross income† in the Act, since he doesn't get the cash â€Å"on his own sake and for his own benefit†. In the event that this is right, at that point the topic of whether such a sum â€Å"is income† doesn't emerge, since it is just once a sum has been gotten or collected that the issue emerges with respect to whether it is salary or capital. In any case, the accuracy of this choice is suspect. Unquestionably, from the thief?s viewpoint, the motivation behind why he took the cash was exactly to secure it â€Å"for his own benefit† and the translation that the adjudicator concurred this expression is, with deference, legalistic, counterfeit and unsupported by power. In ITC 1789 (67 SATC 205), where the citizen being referred to had requested a huge number of rand from a large number of speculators in a deceitful and unlawful plan, the court held that those cash had been â€Å"received† as mulled over in the meaning of ?net salary?. On the off chance that both of these choices are acceptable law, it would imply that (as was held in ITC 1789) an individual who efficiently swindles others out of cash is dependent upon annual expense on his goods, however that (as was held in G v COT) an individual who really takes cash in a methodical manner isn't available. This, it is submitted, is an over the top and illogical differentiation. The genuine issue was whether the sums were â€Å"income† It is presented that both these cases should have been settled based on whether, in the specific conditions, the sums being referred to had the character of â€Å"income† in the possession of the criminal, as opposed to on the issue of whether the cash had been â€Å"received† by him. Advantageous receipt was without a doubt undeniable in the two cases. It can barely be truly fought that a hoodlum or certainty cheat doesn't expect to obtain the victim?s cash for his own advantage, and treat it as his own. The issue of whether cash that has been taken or is in any case corrupted with wrongdoing is â€Å"income† in the possession of the beneficiary and is along these lines subject to annual duty, raises numerous prickly issues, never to date completely tended to not to mention settled by our courts. A portion of the parts of the issue with regards to whether unlawful receipts are available as salary are ? †¢Illegal receipts go from those that are corrupted with a unimportant specialized lawlessness, for example, those got from exchanging without a permit, to ethically indefensible receipts, for example, the returns of medication managing or a charge paid to a hired gunman for completing a death. In the duty setting, do similar standards apply to each sort of illicit receipt? †¢If SARS were to take a cut of an unlawful receipt, would this not make the State complicit in the wrongdoing? On the off chance that annual expense were to be forced on the beneficiary of taken cash, this would decrease the assets accessible to reimburse the legitimate proprietor. It should be recollected that, in law, responsibility for cash has gone to the cheat, and all that the proprietor has is a case in personam against the hoodlum for reimbursement. On the off chance that the criminal has gone through the cash and can't reimburse it, the casualty is just a simultaneous loan boss in the thief?s indebted home. SARS, on the other hand, has a particular case, regarding the Insolvency Act, for any expenses due. In the event that personal duty were payable on the taken cash, it is in this manner possible that SARS would recoup all or a portion of the expense, yet that the casualty would not get his cash back. This, it is submitted, is an unpalatable outcome. Should SARS get included by any stretch of the imagination? There is a solid contention that, where unlawful installments are concerned ? surely with respect to taken cash ? it would be best for charge law to stand standoffish, append no assessment outcomes to the receipt of the cash, and let the entire issue be chosen as far as criminal law. Notwithstanding, taking into account the vulnerability in the law on this point, SARS can barely be blamed for stating a case.

Exile As Motif In Lenrie Peters English Literature Essay

Outcast As Motif In Lenrie Peters English Literature Essay Christopher Babatunde Ogunyemi is a PhD explore individual at the Department of English, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife. He was instructed at the University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria. He holds a Master qualification in Comparative Literature from Dalarna University and he addresses English and Literature at Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State in Nigeria. He is the creator of Male Autobiographical Narratives and Gender Imperatives, Topical Issues in Literature and Globalization and Narratology and Contemporary Fiction which were totally distributed by VDM-Publisher and Lap-Lambert Academic Publishing in Germany. He has driving papers in global diaries of high notoriety. Dr. Niyi Akingbe shows Comparative Literature, African Literature and Protest learns at the Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria. He has composed two basic works: Social Protest and the Literary Imagination in Nigerian Novels and Myth, Orality and Tradition in Ben Okris Literary Landscape. His articles have showed up in driving diaries on African Literature. Abosede Adebola Otemuyiwa is a speaker in the Department of English, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria. She has distributed a few articles in some academic diaries. Living Anonymity: Exile as Motif in Lenrie Peters He Walks Alone Christopher Babatunde Ogunyemi Branch of English Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Nigeria. [emailprotected] what's more, Niyi Akingbe Branch of English Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Nigeria [emailprotected] Abosede Adebola Otemuyiwa Branch of English Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Nigeria [emailprotected] Presentation Outcast is peculiarly convincing to consider yet horrible to encounter. It is the unhealable fracture constrained between an individual and a local spot, between oneself and its actual home: its basic pity can never be overcomed. And keeping in mind that the facts confirm that writing and history contain chivalrous sentimental, magnificent, even triumphant scenes in an outcasts life, these are close to endeavors intended to defeat the accomplishments of outcast forever sabotaged by the loss of something left behind for ever. (Edward Said, 2001:137) Edward Saids accommodation above best clarifies the essentials about compositions on Exile which predicts either self-personality or aggregate character of a gathering of individuals who live in a continuum. This sort of composing either illuminates, teaches or engages yet the significant theme here is to reprimand and to wryly educate the individuals inside the abstract ethos about the exigency of outcast, its mental impacts, sociological impacts and even its political consequences for African individuals. Outcast composing pictures gives that trouble on distance and the mission for opportunity. Authors all through the ages have been utilizing their artistic works of expressions to show different responses that mess with banish. Some x-beam physical outcast others mental outcast which terribly influences the mind of the essayist or the character being referred to. Relocation and constrained movement are panacea to distance and outcast. Works exuding from such sentiments are nostalgic and provocative. Numerous essayists have utilized their attempts to brace the sentiments of outcast in reality. The experience of outcast writing in Lithuania is predicated on the prophetically calamitous second happening to the soviet armed forces in Lithuania. This discarded numerous scholarly and expert away into oust. Writers emerged to respond fundamentally to these predicaments. Instances of such writers are Kazys Bradunas (b.1917), Jonas Mekas (b.1922), Algirdas Landsbergs (b.1924) among others from all pieces of the world. Our anxiety in this paper is to analyze oust as theme in Lenrie Peters verse that is entitled He Walks Alone The sonnet clarifies different reasons Africans go on banish and their impressions when they feel nostalgic. Affections for their underlying foundations, their families and their societies offer ascent to some delicate impressions in their works of expressions. Nonetheless, the work utilizes printed examination to clarify how Lenrie Peters utilizes incongruity and analogy to depict the picture of outcast strategically, mentally, monetarily and truly as repeating themes in his verse. His abundance of symbolism is arranged inside the hub of scholarly application so as to clarify what illuminates movement writing in Africa. This paper is imagined in six developments: the first being the presentation tosses a searchlight into the idea of relocation and its orderly model in Lithuania and Africa. The second tests into what establishes the literary examination approach; the third perspectives banish as theme in African verse; the fourth dives into Lenrie Peters distraction of outcast; the fifth development conceptualizes the utilization of the printed investigation to the sonnet being referred to and the 6th, being the last development closes the work. The paper conceptualizes the literary investigation way to deal with show the natural estimation of movement and outcast in the body of the content. Daniel Chandler has done some phenomenal use of the literary way to deal with the broad communications. This methodology permits solid knowledge into the comprehension of verse as it moves in existence. The Textual Analysis Approach There are two primary types of the printed examination of mainstream society antiquities: interpretive and content investigation. This paper will utilize these two varieties in its corpus. Interpretive Textual Analyses This include: semiotics, explanatory examination, ideological investigation, and psychoanalytic methodologies, among numerous others. These sorts of examination look to get underneath the surface (denotative) implications and inspect progressively certain (indicative) social implications. These printed examination approaches regularly see culture as an account or narrating process in which specific writings or social curios (i.e., a pop melody or a TV program) deliberately or unwittingly connect themselves to bigger stories at play in the general public. A key here is the manner by which writings make subject positions (personalities) for the individuals who use them. Content examination is a progressively quantitative methodology that extensively overviews things like what number of examples of brutality happen on a run of the mill night of prime time TV survey, or what number of Asian American ladies show up in a days worth of TV ads. This data, particularly when connected to progressively subjective sorts of investigation, can be entirely significant in moving past the experts in every case to some degree abstract perceptions (http://culturalpolitics.net/popular_culture/textual_analysis). As per Jan Ifversen in Text, Discourse, Concept: Approaches to Textual Analysis, he clarifies the printed hypothesis utilizing the Foucauldian talk investigation and Begriffsgechichte which can be productively joined to build up a literary examination in any scholarly work, he takes into perception and shows that account both realistic and semantic elements of language is the assignment of source analysis to set up this case. Be that as it may: Literary examination, then again is worried about the semantic types of past portrayals. It must get to holds with the illustrative tie that joins memory to declaration and declaration to composing. A few approaches are applied to literary investigation of chronicled reports. they contact perspectives inside literary investigation that especially concern recorded material and abstract skyline (KONTUR nr. 7 2003: 60) Which means arranged substance investigation and interpretive and basic content examination approaches share an emotional ontological status of human activity and conduct and a methodological promise to catching the real significance and translations of authoritative on-screen characters associated with corporate story detailing. Corporate story archives are viewed as a mechanism for importance development for hierarchical entertainers. Nonetheless, content examination comes closer from the interpretive and the basic points of view recognize the scientists subjectivity. Abstract works give diagram of the examination points of view and comparing content investigation approaches which are further in writing. It demonstrates the decision of content examination way to deal with be controlled by the exploration worldview in which the scientist finds him/herself, which, thus, comprises of a particular mix of the specialists epistemological position and the conviction in regards to the onto logical status of human activity and conduct. (Merkl-Davies, 2009: 5). We will apply the printed way to deal with the verse of Lenrie Peters so as to comprehend its evaluative translation in relocation writing. Outcast as Motif in African Poetry Verse as a rule utilizes the utilization of epigrammatic proclamations, verses, solid pictures which graphically outline indisputable facts throughout everyday life and social equity (Maduka and Eyoh, 2000:14). In light of this, writers, for example, Williams Wordsworth, John Keats, Shakespeare, Yeats and so forth utilize their verse to explain different themes from blamelessness to experience, nature and love, unbridled journey for social equity, etc. Outcast is a case of such topic that verse proverbially loans its trustworthiness on in light of the fact that it conveyed laconic words and encoded representation in the brightening of topical distraction. Writers could effectively impart their sentiments without been hurt or without been threatened by the cultural system or instrument of intensity that needs abstract creative mind. Correspondingly, artists effectively call the consideration of crowd to the situation of outcast so as to realize new life and new encounters. It comes do wn to what is banish. As indicated by Jacqueline Corness in a paper entitled Alienation and Freedom-An investigation of Dostoevskys Notes From Underground as it identifies with the Theme of Exile, she characterizes banish from the point of view of Said when she opines that: Outcast isn't, all things considered, a matter of decision: you are naturally introduced to it, or on the other hand it transpires. Thus, banish is regularly thought to be the most psycholog

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough The University of Notre Dame, Mendoza College of Business

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough The University of Notre Dame, Mendoza College of Business MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. Environmental sustainability and social impact are becoming increasingly important components of MBA programs. The University of Notre Dame’s Mendoza College of Business is leading the way to more ethically oriented business training, with all 20 of its required core courses and more than 140 electives involving social, ethical or environmental components. Relevant class offerings include “Ethical Leadership,” “Sustainable Enterprise,” “Ethics in Finance and Banking” and “Examination of Sustainability.” From orientation to graduation, students enjoy ample opportunities to participate in community outreach. The school has two ethics centers, a faculty whose recent research explores such topics as how carbon emissions relate to firm value and an Interterm Intensive session, during which students can immerse themselves in corporate social responsibility issues. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough The University of Notre Dame, Mendoza College of Business MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. Environmental sustainability and social impact are becoming increasingly important components of MBA programs. The  University of Notre Dame’s Mendoza College of Business  is leading the way to more ethically oriented business training, with all of its required core courses and more than 100 electives involving social, ethical, or environmental components. Relevant class offerings include “Foundations of Ethical Business Conduct,” “Ethics in Emerging Markets,” “Sustainability: Accounting and Reporting,” “Ethics in Finance and Banking,” and “The Business of Sustainability.” From orientation to graduation, students enjoy ample opportunities to participate in community outreach. The school has two ethics centers, a faculty whose recent research explores such topics as how carbon emissions relate to firm value and an Interterm Intensive session, during which students can immerse themselves in corporate social responsibility issues. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Notre Dame (Mendoza)

The Emotions of Captivity in Psalm 137 Essay - 4605 Words

The book of Psalms contains some of the most beloved pieces of scripture across centuries and cultures of this world. Psalms have been frequently cited is sermons, devotionals, movies, poetry, and songs. Most often, Psalms are attributed to King David of the 10th century BCE. But regardless of the authorship of the different psalms, each seem to carry a special place in describing human relationships to God, to country, to friends, to enemies and more. As time has progressed, certain psalms have become favorites because of their encouraging and uplifting messages, such as the timeless Psalm 23. However, other psalms are neglected in Christian circles because of the difficulty they present in interpretation. Often, these psalms are†¦show more content†¦For there our captors demanded of us songs, And our tormentors mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. How can we sing the Lords song in a foreign land? If I forget you, O Jerusalem, May my right hand forget her skill. May my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth. If I do not remember you, if I do not exalt Jerusalem, above my chief joy. Remember, O Lord, against the sons of Edom the day of Jerusalem, who said, Raze it, raze it, to its very foundation. O daughter of Babylon, you devastated one, how blessed will be the one who repays you with the recompense with which you have repaid us. How blessed will be the one who seizes and dashes your little ones against the rock. (Ps 137, NASB) It is not often that theologians can agree upon the date of authorship of a text, but Psalm 137 is an exception. It is widely accepted that this psalm was written during or shortly after the exilic waves of the Southern Kingdom during the Babylonian captivity of 597 BCE and 587 BCE , extending to 538 BCE . While no specific author is identified as the author of Psalm 137, it certainly is not King David due to the time elapse from King David’s reign and the Babylonian Captivity. The anguish described in the b eginning of the Psalm paired with the vengeful remarks at the end of the Psalm, in addition to the reference to Babylon while the writer’s heart longs for Zion undoubtedly make this Psalm a description of the exile written during or shortlyShow MoreRelatedRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagespost-exilic era: The pre-exilic prophets had created the resource for culture-building in their call to maintain the covenant with God. Though it had fallen mostly on deaf ears before, that proclamation planted the cultural seed that was cultivated in captivity and grew to sustain a nation which otherwise would not have been. Only after the prophets are gone do the effects of their prophecy become manifest in the â€Å" . . . subjective or internal 26 RASTAFARI alteration of the central system ofRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages............................................ Women’s Ministries Committee ............................................... xiii 126 126 126 126 127 127 127 128 128 129 129 129 130 130 130 131 131 131 131 133 133 134 134 134 135 135 136 136 136 137 137 138 138 138 139 139 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 xiv CHURCH MANUAL Children’s Ministries Committee ............................................. Children’s Ministries Coordinator ......................................... Religious Liberty Leader

A Career in Physical Therapy Essay - 1281 Words

Life can change in a split second when an unanticipated injury or disease hinders someone’s normal daily life. Modern medicine, physicians and families can only do so much but physical therapy can help recoup the life many of us take for granted. It often isn’t until we lose something that we as humans realize what we had such as the value of our body’s ability to take us through each day. A physical therapist is the person who stays with a patient for the duration of the rehabilitation process. A physical therapist leads the patient through the process of regaining physical strength and helps the patient regain control of their future. Much like many careers that involve interaction with individuals, physical therapy reaches beyond†¦show more content†¦Colleges with a medical department often have a master’s program for physical therapy. (â€Å"Physical Therapists†) Physical therapy students have a required amount of field work in or der to complete a program. Each candidate must work in an accredited workplace for the field work assignments. This part of the program is extremely valuable and helpful for a new therapist entering the field. Working one on one can be difficult even with all of the educational tools. (Curtis 37) Beyond the educational requirements for physical therapists are the many other attributes that are needed to be successful. A career as a physical therapist requires a lot of studied skills, personal characteristics and physical fitness. A physical therapist should enjoy working with people and helping others. An ability to listen to patients and understand is important to success. Patients are often a victim of a traumatic experience, injury or are afflicted by a debilitating disease. The emotional distress can often be as trying as the physical dysfunction. (Kottler 11) Communicating and teaching skills are needed to help patients learn new movements and exercises to practice on their own. 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Physical Therapist: An Overview of the Career In the words of Field (2007), physical therapists develop therapies and exercise modalities to helpRead MorePhysical Therapy Career Field2203 Words   |  9 PagesWhen considering the physical therapy career field, I concluded that my interests and skills are compatible with the career requirements in this field. My sisters friend whom I chose to interview for this paper, contributed to my interest in physical therapy. By doing this research I would like to learn the average pay for a physical therapist. Also, what are suggested classes for a physical therapist while in college? This research will help me better understand what a physical therapist does andRead MoreFinding A Career May Be A Physical Therapy1117 Words   |  5 PagesFinding a career may be an imitating approach conversely, it may be the most important factor in the long run. The world offers thousands of various occupations that benefit everyone around them. 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That association includes 274 charter members. â€Å" In 1922, the association changed its name to the American Physiotherapy Association (APA) and men were admitted†Read MoreMy Research on What It Is and What It Takes to Become a Physical Therapist642 Words   |  3 PagesPhysical Therapy has always been a career that has had me interested in. Physical Therapist are part of the health care profession, which help relieve pain, and increase strength in their patients. Physical therapy has many different areas of specialization. Physical Therapy branches out into careers such as Cardiopulmonary, Orthopedic, and Kinesiotherapist, and within these specializations physical therapist see all different age groups from newborns, to the very oldest. Throughout their day physical

Exploring the Theme of Love in Sonnets 57 and 58 Essay

Shakespeare’s sonnets are numbered in a sequential order and adjacent sonnets often have similar content. Throughout Shakespeare’s sonnets, he covers many subjects, such as interest in the life of a young man, his love for a young man, and his love for a dark haired woman. In sonnets 57 and 58, Shakespeare discusses how love is like slavery in its different manifestations. The object of the narrator’s love has a dominating power over the narrator, which controls him and guides his actions. Shakespeare shows in sonnets 57 and 58 that love can be displayed by using many different routes such as viewing love as a controlling force, exploring the theme of time and waiting in regards to love, and the question of the physical state of being of†¦show more content†¦In sonnet 57, line five, the narrator says I don’t dare, thereby again showing his reluctance to resist the efforts of the lover to control him and dominate him. In sonnet 58, line 9, the narr ator says that the control over him by the lover is very strong, however he doesn’t seem to make any effort to resist these temptations and exertions of power, but rather resigns to them and accepts them as part of his life. The use of the word tame to describe himself in sonnet 58, line seven, suggests that the narrator doesn’t want to actively resist the domination by the lover but instead is resigning his will to the lover. As the narrator lets himself be enveloped in his love for the young man, he loses a part of his own willpower. Time is also addressed in both of these sonnets. Both sonnets have images of the narrator waiting. In sonnet 58, line four has the narrator awaiting the leisurely needs of the lover, and again in line 13 I am to wait signifies the author waiting for the lover. In sonnet 57, line one the narrator says what else can I do but wait. In line six, the narrator refers to watching the clock or waiting, and also in line eleven he says stay which means wait. The purpose of waiting in these sonnets is to show that the narrator is subservient to the lover andShow MoreRelated Love and Hate in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay3761 Words   |  16 PagesAnalyze the Portrayal of Love and Hate in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ The emotions of love and hate are at the forefront of the theme in this play by William Shakespeare. The Oxford Standard English Dictionary defines ‘love’ as ‘to have strong feelings of affection for another adult and be romantically and sexually attracted to them, or to feel great affection for a friend or person in your family’ and defines ‘hate’ as ‘a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action dislike intensely, to feel antipathyRead MoreLet Majorship English4572 Words   |  19 PagesAge. The primary virtues emphasized were_________________. A. valor and honestly C. valor and loyalty B. honesty and truthfulness D. loyalty and truthfulness 15. Which poetic style is most associated with Robert Browning? A. The sonnet C. The lyric ballad B. The ode D. The dramatic monologue 16. Who is the first African nobel laureate? A. Camara Lays C. Ngugi Wa Jhiong’O B. Wale Soyinka D. Chinua Achebe 17. According to Aristotle’s Poetics, which isRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pagesstudents’ cognitive development? How might knowledge of students’ cognitive development influence the way you teach? †¢ How does language develop? What is the best way to teach students to communicate verbally? PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Exploring How Children Develop Language Development Developmental Why Studying Issues Children’s Development Processes, Is Important Periods, and Stages Physical Development and Health Growth in Childhood Pubertal Changes Child Health and Education 32Read MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagescan predict its appearance and build strategies to cope with it, and it is the purpose of this book to help in that process. But fixing your position relative to the North Star does not keep water out of the boat. As the French proverb says, â€Å"God loves a sailor, but he has to row for himself.† And in that act of rowing the work is huge and the risks high, and every reader of this book who is also a practitioner of high-tech market development has my deepest respect. With that thought in mind

Review of Related Studies - Inventory System free essay sample

The following statements given are related to our study about the inventory system which is found very useful for the proponents in making the system. It is nearly impossible to overemphasize the importance of keeping inventory levels under control, Ronald Pachura wrote in an article for IIE Solutions. Whether the problems incurred are caused by carrying too little or too much inventory, manufacturers need to become aware that inventory control is not just a materials management or warehouse department issue.The purchasing, receiving, engineering, manufacturing, and accounting departments all contribute to the accuracy of the inventory methods and records. It is little wonder that business experts commonly cite inventory management as a vital element that can spell the difference between success and failure in todays keenly competitive business world. Writing in Production and Inventory Management Journal, Godwin Udo described telecommunications technology as a critical organizational asset that can help a company realize important competitive gains in the area of inventory management. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Studies Inventory System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Udo, companies that make good use of this technology are far better equipped to succeed than those who rely on outdated or unwieldy methods of inventory control. Automation can draidatically affect all phases of inventory management, including counting and monitoring of inventory items; recording and retrieval of item storage locations; recording changes to inventory; and anticipating inventory needs, including inventory handling requirements. This is true even of stand-alone systems that are not integrated with other areas of the business.But many analysts indicate that productivity—and hence profitability—gains that are garnered through use of automated systems can be increased when a business integrates its inventory control systems with other systems, such as accounting and sales, to better manage inventory levels. According to Dennis Eskow in PC Week, business executives are increasingly integrating financial data, such as accounts receivable, with sal es information that includes customer histories. The goal: to control inventory quarter to quarter, so it doesnt come back to bite the bottom line.Key components of an integrated system †¦ are general ledger, electronic data interchange, database connectivity, and connections to a range of vertical business applications. David Cahn, a director of product strategy for business applications at a firm in New York, confirmed this view in an interview with Eskow: What drives business is optimization of working capital. The amount of control you have on inventory equals the optimization of the capital. Thats why its so important to integrate the inventory data with everything else. Source : http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/encyclopedia/Int-Jun/Inventory-Control-Systems. html

Dr. Brenda J. Little Essays - Mississippi, Electrochemistry

Dr. Brenda J. Little Dr. Brenda J. Little of the Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center is the recipient of the 1995 Women in Science and Engineering Award. This award recognizes specific or special scientific or technical contributions by a woman scientist in the Federal service and specific contributions made by a woman scientist toward encouraging young girls and women to pursue science or engineering careers, or enhance employment, promotional or development opportunities for women scientists in their field. Dr. Little, head of the Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Section at NRL, has worked on MIC projects for the Department of Energy and the U. S. Army, and has served as a consultant to the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Atomic Energy Laboratory of Canada. In addition to her accomplishments in basic research, Dr. Little also works on U. S. Navy platforms to identify and control MIC. Her research has been used to determine the cause of corrosion failures in weapons systems, seawater piping systems, storage tanks and other U. S. Navy equipment. She is currently investigating fungal growths on wooden spools and corrosion of wire ropes used to transfer people and weapons between ships. In 1988 Dr. Little received a patent award for an innovative dual-cell corrosion measuring device, the only published technique for quantifying the electrochemical impact of microorganisms on metal surfaces. In 1985 she was selected by the National Science Foundation as one of eight American Scientists to attend a workshop on biodeterioration in La Plata, Argentina, and to attend a similar NSF workshop in Paris, France in 1988. Dr. Little is an adjunct professor at the University of Southern Mississippi and Montana State University, and has collaborative research with investigators at Harvard University, University of Southern California, University of South Alabama, University of Tennessee, Texas A&M University, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The Singing River Chapter of the American Business Women's Association selected Dr. Little as one of the ten 1990 Women of the Year on the Gulf Coast for her participation in programs for women in science and technology. She has been keynote speaker for several Women in Science and Technology Conferences for the Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College, has participated in career day programs sponsored by the Girl Scouts Chapters of Mississippi, and has presented lectures at honors classes in chemistry and biology and local schools. She is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Adhesion Society, the Electrochemical Society, the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Sigma Xi, Federally Employed Women, and the Mississippi Academy of Science. She has served the Gulf Coast Chapter of Sigma Xi as secretary, president-elect, president and past president. In addition to numerous performance awards, Dr. Little was selected for "Who's Who in Technology Today" and "American Men and Women in Science" in 1986, received NRL publications awards in 1981 and 1986, received an invention award and Best NRL Patent Award for 1989, and the NRL Alan Berman Research Publication Award in 1994.

A Four-Month Oscillation Detected from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A Measurements in the Arctic and Antarctic The WritePass Journal

A Four-Month Oscillation Detected from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A Measurements in the Arctic and Antarctic References A Four-Month Oscillation Detected from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A Measurements in the Arctic and Antarctic Abstract1. Introduction2. Satellite Brightness Temperature Data3. ERA-Interim Reanalysis Data4. Arctic Four-Month Oscillation5. Discussions of the oscillation AcknowledgementReferencesRelated Abstract Satellite microwave measurements can penetrate through clouds and therefore provide unique information of surface and near-surface temperatures and surface emissivity. In this study, the brightness temperatures from NOAA-15 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A) are used to analyze the surface temperature variation in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the past 13 years of period from 1998 to 2010. The data from four AMSU-A channels sensitive to surface are analyzed with wavelet and Fourier spectrum techniques. A very pronounced maximum is noticed in the period range centered around four months. Application of a statistical significance test confirms that it is a dominant mode of variability over polar regions besides the annual and semi-annual oscillations. No evidence of this feature could be found in middle and low latitudes. The four-month oscillation is 90o out of phase at Arctic and Antarctic, with the Arctic four-month oscillation reaching its maximum in the beginning of March, July and November and the Antarctic four-month oscillation in the middle of April, August and December. The intensity of the four-month oscillation varies inter-annually. The years with pronounced four-month oscillation were 2002-2003, 2005-2006 and 2008-2009. The strongest year for the Arctic and Antarctic four-month oscillations occurred in 2005-2006 and 2008-2009, respectively. The sign of four-month oscillation is also found in the surface-skin temperatures and two-meter air temperatures from ERA-Interim reanalysis. It is hypothesized that the Arctic and Antarctic four-month oscillations are a combined result of unique features of solar radiative forcing and snow/sea ice formation and metamorphosis. 1. Introduction The spectrum analysis of wind time series revealed a 40-50 day Madden and Julian oscillation (MJO) in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific (Madden and Julian 1971). In the course of an investigation of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) for global climate change and global warming, we stumbled upon an apparent four-month oscillation in the surface-sensitive channels in the Arctic and Antarctic. It is not a â€Å"periodicity† in the sense of tidally induced oscillation, but certainly a broadband phenomenon. It passes a statistical significance test with more than 95% confidence. A spectral analysis of both surface skin temperature and two meter air temperature from ERA-Interim reanalysis also confirms the existence of a four-month oscillation in the Arctic and Antarctic. It is our understanding that the AMSU-A observations can be strongly influenced by variable surface emissivity in polar environment and have not been effectively utilized through the ERA data assimil ation. Thus, the confirmation of a four-month oscillation signal from ERA-Interim reanalysis is significant and believed to be mostly associated with the physical process. 2. Satellite Brightness Temperature Data NOAA-15 AMSU-A has 15 channels and is a cross-track scanning radiometer, providing 30 field of views (FOVs) along each scan line. Near the nadir of satellite observations, the FOV size is at best of 48 km. There are a total of four AMSU-A surface-sensitive channels: channel 1 (23.8 GHz), channel 2 (31.4 GHz), channel 3 (50.3) and channel 15 (89 GHz) (Mo 1999; Goodrum et al. 2009). Over land where the surface emissivity is high, the measurements from these surface-sensitive channels are primarily affected by surface emissivity and surface temperature. Over oceans where the emissivity is relatively low, the channels are also a function of temperature, water vapor and liquid water in the lower troposphere. Channels 1,  2 and 15 are located at frequencies away from the major oxygen gaseous absorption lines and can thus see through the atmosphere. The radiation at these channels mainly comes from the  earth’s surface, which is proportional to the product of surface emissivity a nd surface temperature. For a  cloudy atmosphere, a portion of surface emission at these channels can be attenuated by cloud and the rest transmitted through the cloud. The cloud also emits additional radiation. Channel 3 is near an oxygen absorption line and contains the upwelling microwave radiation from both the earth’s surface and the near surface atmosphere. Satellite measurements and their retrieval products were used for studying climate variability and decadal trends (Christy et al. 1998, 2000, 2003; Izaguirre et al. 2010; Johannessen et al. 1995, 1999; Mears et al. 2003, Mears and Wentz 2009; Schneider et al. 2004; Vinnikov and Grody 2003; Zou et al. 2009). In these study, the AMSU-A brightness temperatures onboard NOAA-15 from October 26, 1998 to August 7, 2010 are analyzed for various applications including climate trend and global change. 3. ERA-Interim Reanalysis Data The ERA-Interim reanalysis is produced by European Center for Medium-Range Forecast (ECMWF) (Simmons et al. 2007). By employing an advanced four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) approach with improved data quality control, satellite bias correction, and fast radiative transfer model, conventional surface and upper air observations and satellite brightness temperatures and cloud motion winds from Television InfraRed Observational Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS), Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I), ESA Remote-Sensing Satellites (ERS-1 and ERS-2), and Advanced TOVS (ATOVS) are optimally combined with model forecasts in ERA-Interim reanalysis. The ERA-Interim reanalysis products are thus suitable for use in studies of climate variability and decadal trends (Agudelo and Curry 2004; Chelliah et al. 2004; Frauenfeld et al. 2005). The ERA-Interim analyses consist of a high quality set of global analyses of the state of the atmosphere, land, and ocean-wave conditions from 1989 to present time. The surface-skin temperatures and two-meter air temperatures from ERA-Interim are used in this study. These data has 1.5 ° resolution and 37 pressure levels and is publicly available on the ECMWF Data Server. 4. Arctic Four-Month Oscillation A wavelet analysis is applied to global daily mean, nadir only, surface-sensitive brightness temperatures observed by the NOAA-15 AMSU-A over the time period from October 26, 1998 to August 7, 2010, as well as daily mean surface skin and surface air (two-meter) temperatures from ERA-Interim reanalysis. Specifically, the brightness temperature measurements at the surface-sensitive channel 1 (, 23.8 GHz), channel 2 (, 31.4 GHz), channel 3 (, 50.3 GHz) and channel 15 (, 89 GHz) near the nadir direction (FOVs 15 and 16), at both descending and ascending nodes, and north of 75oN and south of 70oS are averaged to provide eight daily time series from October 26, 1998 to August 7, 2010. Surface skin temperatures () and two-meter surface air temperature () from ERA-Interim north of 75oN and south of 70oS are also averaged to provide four more time series in the same time period. Using the Morlet wavelet analysis with statistical significant testing, each time series is decomposed into time-fr equency space, from which the dominant modes of variability and their temporal evolution can be determined with great confidence (Torrence and Compo 1998). The wavelet transform is chosen for this study as it can be used to analyze time series that contain non-stationary power at many different frequencies. Figure 1 shows the wavelet power spectrum (shaded) of daily mean nadir only brightness temperatures from NOAA-15 AMSU-A surface-sensitive channel two in the Arctic and Antarctic, and the surface skin and 2-m air temperature of ERA-Interim from October 26, 1998 to August 13, 2010. To show the significance of a peak in the wavelet power spectra, regions of greater than 95% confidence is indicated (line). For period less than semi-annual oscillation, most of the power is concentrated around the four-month period within the 95% confidence level. The existence of the four-month oscillation is also confirmed using the Fourier spectrum analysis technique and is shown in Fig. 2. However, with wavelet analysis, one can see variations in the frequency occurrence and amplitude of the Arctic/Antarctic four-month oscillations shown in Fig. 1. Large amplitude four-month oscillation events occurred at a period about 3 years. The strongest years were 2002-2003, 2005-2006 and 2008-2009. Similar wavel et power spectra are seen in other AMSU-A surface-sensitive channels in the Northern Hemisphere and AMSU-A channel 1 in the Southern Hemisphere (Figure omitted). Due to the fact the Antarctic is covered mostly by land, the Antarctic four-month oscillation is very weak in channels 15 and 3. A four-month oscillation is also found in daily mean surface skin temperatures and surface air temperatures from ERA-Interim reanalysis in the Arctic (Fig. 1c-d), but not in the Antarctic (figure omitted). The reduced power of surface and near-surface temperatures (Fig. 1c-d) compared to satellite observations (Fig. 1a-b) is possibly due to the fact that most of surface channels observations are excluded from data assimilation in high latitudes owing to large impacts of surface emissivity uncertainty on radiance simulations. From Fig. 1, it is seen that the ERA-Interim captures the four-month surface oscillation better during 2005-2006 and 2008-2009 than earlier years. Figure 3 presents the temporal evolution of Arctic (75oN-90oN) and Antarctic (70oS-90oS) daily mean brightness temperatures in 2005 (black line), in which mean values, annual and semi-annual components are removed, as well as the corresponding four-month oscillation (red curve). The four-month oscillation of AMSU-A channel 2 has the largest amplitude at the beginning of March, July and November. No significant phase difference is found between this and other three surface sensitive channels (Figures omitted). The Antarctic four-month oscillation is 90o out of phase with the Arctic oscillation. It peaks in the middle of April, August and December. A weak four-month oscillation is also found in the daily mean surface-skin temperatures and two-meter air temperatures from ERA-Interim reanalysis. However, a significant phase difference is found between the AMSU-A surface-sensitive channels and the ERA-Interim surface skin temperature and surface air temperatures. The four-month oscillation of both surface skin temperature and surface air temperatures peaks in late June, about one and half months earlier than satellite observations. Given the fact that the brightness temperatures at the four surface-sensitive channels approximately equal to the product of surface emissivity and surface skin temperature, with a small contribution from the atmosphere in a shallow layer above the Earth’s surface, the phase differences between the ERA-Interim surface variables and AMSU-A surface channel brightness temperatures suggest that the brightness temperature change is delayed by surface emissivity change. It is worth mentioning that the four-month oscillation is not found in the brightness temperature measurements of the other 11 AMSU-A channels, which approximately represent the air temperature in a broad layer centered in the troposphere or stratosphere. Figure 4 provides the percentage of explained variances by annual (black), semi-annual (red) and four-month (yellow) oscillations in middle and high latitudes for NOAA-15 AMSU-A channel 2. It is seen that the annual variation increases toward high latitudes from 20oN to 70oN or from 20oS to 70oS. The annual oscillation becomes a dominant feature with 50oN-70oN and 50oS-70oS. The sum of annual and semi-annual oscillations explains more than 80% of the total variances within the latitudinal band 60oN-70oN or 60oS-70oS, which reduces to below 60% in higher latitudes 70oN-90oN and 70oS-80oS. The four-month oscillation explains about 10% of the total variance in the Arctic and Antarctic. Figure 5 presents the annual cycles of Arctic four-month oscillation in three selected years (1999, 2003 and 2009) from all the six time series (, , , , , and ). The four-month oscillations of all four surface-sensitive channels have the largest amplitude at the beginning of March, July and November. No significant phase difference is found among these four channels. However, a significant phase difference is found between the AMSU-A surface-sensitive channels and the ERA-Interim surface skin temperature and surface air temperatures. The four-month oscillation of both surface skin temperature and surface air temperatures peaks in late June, about one and half months earlier than satellite observations. Given the fact that the brightness temperatures at the four surface-sensitive channels is a sum of the surface term (approximately equals to surface emissivity times surface skin temperature) and the atmosphere term (about equal to the air temperature in a shallow layer (~1 km) above t he Earth’s surface), the phase differences between the ERA-Interim surface variables and AMSU-A surface channel brightness temperatures suggest that the four-month oscillation started from the surface. In fact, the four-month oscillation is not found in the brightness temperature measurements of the other 11 AMSU-A channels, which approximately represent the air temperature in a broad layer centered in the troposphere or stratosphere. Wave structures with periods between 60 days and 150 days are shown in Fig. 6 based on the daily mean brightness temperatures in 75oN-90oN latitudes at nadir of NOAA-15 AMSU-A channel one, two, three, fifteen, skin and 2-m surface air temperature of ERA-Interim from January 1, 2004 to January 1, 2007. The four-month oscillation is a dominant feature in all years. A weak 90-day oscillation is also found in satellite measurements. The intensity of the Arctic four-month oscillation varies inter-annually. 5. Discussions of the oscillation A four-month oscillation is found in the satellite microwave measurements in the Arctic and Antarctic for the first time. The ERA-Interim reanalysis data confirms the existence of such an oscillation. Such oscillation is not found in other regions over the globe and nor in other AMSU-A atmospheric sounding channels. The surface temperature in polar regions is determined by surface heat budget equation, which relates changes in surface upward long-wave radiations to changes in (i) the surface downward short-wave radiation, (ii) surface downward long-wave radiations, (iii) heat storage for both land surface and ocean, (iv) surface sensible heat flux, and (v) surface latent heat flux. The presence of polar day/night is a unique feature that makes the annual variation of solar radiative forcing within the frigid zone[1] substantially different from middle and low latitudes. Since solar radiation is a major source of energy for the snow/ice melting in polar regions, the unique annual variation of solar radiation can modulate microwave surface emissivity and thermodynamic and dynamic processes near the surface boundary. The responses of surface-sensitive brightness temperature to solar radiation can also be delayed due to the time for the snow and ice metamorphosis process to occur. The combined effec t of polar day and night during the year and snow/ice metamorphosis process probably gives birth to a four-month oscillation in the Arctic and Antarctic. The fact that the four-month oscillation is stronger in higher latitudes is consistent with the increase of the length of the time when the sun is below the horizon from the Arctic Circle (20  hours) to North Pole (179  days). Acknowledgement This work was supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 project no. 2010CB951600 and the NOAA/NESDIS grant to Florida State University. References Agudelo, P. A., and J. A. Curry, 2004: Analysis of spatial distribution in tropospheric temperature trends, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L22207, doi: 10.1029/ 2004GL020818. Chelliah, M., and G. D. Bell, 2004: Tropical Multidecadal and Interannual Climate Variability in the NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis.  J. Climate,  17, 1777–1803. Christy, J. R., R. W. Spencer, and E. S. Lobel, 1998: Analysis of the merging procedure for the MSU daily temperature time series. J. Climate, 11, 2016–2041. Christy, J. R., R. W. Spencer, and W. D. Braswell, 2000: MSU tropospheric temperatures: Dataset construction and radiosonde comparisons. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 1153–1170. Christy, J. R., R. W. Spencer, W. B. Norris, W. D. Braswell, and D. E. Parker, 2003: Error estimates of version 5.0 of MSU–AMSU bulk atmospheric temperature. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 613–629. Frauenfeld, O. W., T. Zhang, and M. C. Serreze, 2005: Climate change and variability using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA-40) temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau.  J. Geophys. Res.,  110, D02101, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005230. Goodrum, G., K. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2009: NOAA KLM Users Guide with NOAA-N, -N-Prime supplement. NOAA, [available from: ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm]. Izaguirre C., Mendez F. J., Menendez M., and I. J., Losada, 2010: Global extreme wave height variability based on satellite data, Geophys. Res. Lett.,  doi:10.1029/2011GL047302. Johannessen, O. M., M. W. Miles, and E. Bjorgo, 1995: The Arctic’s shrinking sea ice. Nature, 376, 126-127. Johannessen, O. M., E. V. Shalina, and M. W. Miles, 1999: Satellite evidence for an Arctic sea ice coverage in transformation. Science, 286, 1837-1939. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971: Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci.,  28, 702-708. Mears, C. A., M. C. Schabel, and F. J. Wentz, 2003: A reanalysis of the MSU channel 2 tropospheric temperature record. J. Climate, 16, 3650–3664. Mears, C. A., and F. J. Wentz, 2009: Construction of the Remote Sensing Systems V3.2 atmospheric temperature records from the MSU and AMSU microwave sounders. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 1040–1056. Mo, T., 1999: AMSU-A antenna pattern corrections, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 37, 103-112. Schneider, D. P., E. J. Steig, and J. C. Comiso, 2004: Recent Climate Variability in Antarctica from Satellite derived temperature data, J. Climate, 17, 1569-1583. Simmons, A., S. Uppala, D. Dee, and S. Kobayashi, 2007: ERA-Interim: New ECMWF reanalysis products from 1989 onwards. ECMWF Newsletter, No. 110, 25–35. Torrence, C., and G. P.  Compo, 1998: A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 61-78. Vinnikov K. Y. and Norman C. Grody, 2003: Global Warming Trend of Mean tropospheric temperature observed by satellites, Science, 269-272. Zou, C.-Z., M. Gao, and M. Goldberg, 2009: Error structure and atmospheric temperature trend in observations from the Microwave Sounding Unit. J. Climate, 22, 1661–1681.

A Dialogue between a Hindu Upanishad and a Jain Essay

A Dialogue between a Hindu Upanishad and a Jain - Essay Example It is because I am free from suffering as my state (moksha) has liberated me from it. I do not wish anyone or anything ill and so this forest shall not harm me. I am pleased wherever I am. Religious A (Hindu): Wherever you are is not actually where you are. You see my friend, what you thought as you is not actually you because what you think you are that is trapped in this forest is just the body that houses the atman, which is your soul or the real you. The real you actually cannot perish and it does not matter where you are whether you are pleased or not because the real you cannot be harmed. Religious A (Hindu): I am confident because my atman will unite with its natural universe which is the Brahman. Brahman my friend could be this forest because it is all that permeates all things where it held all being and existence. Right now, in this forest with all its peace and tranquility, the atman becoming the Brahman is beginning to become more apparent to me. Religious B (Jain): That is so wonderful of you my friend. But your conviction and confidence may lead you to suffering because it entertains and contains the mana or ego that leads you to perish and suffer. Religious A (Hindu): No my friend, I don’t perish. I will just be reborn again to improve my karma so I am not worried about any harm. Sometimes death, or perishing as you call it is necessary to complete the cycle of birth and death. This is to allow me to improve my karma through their lifetime of action until I achieved enlightenment and vijnana. Religious B (Jain): Looks like we share the same sentiment my friend. I too strive to achieve nirvana and be released by the karmic bondage. Hey look! The town is already ahead. It looks like it is not our day after all to begin the cycle of

Love.Rapid weight gain during infancy and obesity in young adulthood Research Paper

Love.Rapid weight gain during infancy and obesity in young adulthood in a cohort of african American - Research Paper Example It involved selecting a cohort of 300 African Americans born at full term and their progress followed from birth to 20 years of age. The study was slow since it took the researchers two decades to get the appropriate outcome and results. The subjects used in the study were living and made for a more informative interview. The outcome of the research was general and gave satisfying results. The statistical analyses used in the study included; finding the weight of the subjects as recommended by Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) using the LMS method and a representative sample of the US population (Stettler et al, 2003). In analyzing, a pattern of quick rate of weight gain in the first 4 months of life, was defined as an increase in weight-for-age z score>b SD between birth and 4 months. The major result in table 1 show that the population attributes risk of young adulthood obesity was 30% for a pattern of rapid weight gain during infancy. 1 Â ½ of the obese young adults in the early infancy gained a quick weight (Stettler et al, 2003). 15% of African americans with and 6% without a quick mass increase throughout untimely infancy became ‘overweight –overfat’ in childish adulthood. In table 2, a quick weight gain in the early infancy and adult obesity was found out by sexual category, delivery weight, gestational time, firstborn condition, maternal BMI, motherly smoking condition or education (Stettler et al, 2003). OR information represents ‘odds ratios’ while CI represents ‘Confidence Intervals’. OR of 5.22 signifies harm in relation to the risk of quick weight gain as infant compared to weight as an immature adult, since gaining weight will affect the internal organs by fats blocking the body tissues. The biological facts of clinical knowledge are significant in comprehending and analyzing the results. The clinical implications of the study included using alternate definitions based on BMI or BMI combining it with

Texting While Driving Essay Example for Free

Texting While Driving Essay Texting while driving is one of the most common causes of accidents on roads. This is because texting while driving results in physical, visual and cognitive distraction. It greatly increases the amount of time a driver spends not looking at the road. It is a very serious distraction that can cost you your life or the lives of other people. According to recent research by Queensland’s RACQ, using a mobile phone in general can relay reaction time as much as having a blood alcohol content of 0. 08% which is well over the legal limit of 0.05% in Australia. It reduces your reaction time by 35%, even when using hands-free, so texting is obviously going to be even worse because you are effectively driving blind for however long you look at your phone. In fact, every second you spend texting, you double your chances of being in a crash, so why take the chance? If you are ever driving a car and are about to send a text message or use your phone, think about how important it really is. Is it really worth risking your life to tell someone â€Å"lunch was nice† or â€Å"I’ll be home soon†? Is it worth leaving a child fatherless and asking questions like â€Å"Mum, who will look after me if you go to heaven like dad?† as was the case for 5 year-old Harry Stortz after his Dad Jason was killed by an under-age, unlicensed texting driver? Harry will never get to see his Dad again just so someone could make arrangements to pick a girl up and go to his mate’s house. This is just one horrible example of the vast number of deaths caused by texting while driving. We are all disgusted by drink driving, and for good reason, and using a mobile while driving has been proven in many studies to be just as bad, if not worse. Despite this, around 40% of drivers between 18-24 routinely admit to sending or reading texts while driving. This shows that there is an urgent need for greater fines and punishments for drivers who use their mobiles while driving. Texting while driving is one of the most common causes of accidents on roads. This is because texting while driving results in physical, visual and cognitive distraction. It greatly increases the amount of time a driver  spends not looking at the road. It is a very serious distraction that can cost you your life or the lives of other people. According to recent research by Queensland’s RACQ, using a mobile phone in general can relay reaction time as much as having a blood alcohol content of 0.08% which is well over the legal limit of 0.05% in Australia. It reduces your reaction time by 35%, even when using hands-free, so texting is obviously going to be even worse because you are effectively driving blind for however long you look at your phone. In fact, every second you spend texting, you double your chances of being in a crash, so why take the chance? If you are ever driving a car and are about to send a text message or use your phone, think about how important it really is. Is it really worth risking your life to tell someone â€Å"lunch was nice† or â€Å"I’ll be home soon†? Is it worth leaving a child fatherless and asking questions like â€Å"Mum, who will look after me if you go to heaven like dad?† as was the case for 5 year-old Harry Stortz after his Dad Jason was killed by an under-age, unlicensed texting driver? Harry will never get to see his Dad again just so someone could make arrangements to pick a girl up and go to his mate’s house. This is just one horrible example of the vast number of deaths caused by texting while driving. We are all disgusted by drink driving, and for good reason, and using a mobile while driving has been proven in many studies to be just as bad, if not worse. Despite this, around 40% of drivers between 18-24 routinely admit to sending or reading texts while driving. This shows that there is an urgent need for greater fines and punishments for drivers who use their mobiles while driving. Texting while driving is one of the most common causes of accidents on roads. This is because texting while driving results in physical, visual and cognitive distraction. It greatly increases the amount of time a driver spends not looking at the road. It is a very serious distraction that can cost you your life or the lives of other people. According to recent research by Queensland’s RACQ, using a mobile phone in general can relay reaction time as much as having a blood alcohol content of  0.08% which is well over the legal limit of 0.05% in Australia. It reduces your reaction time by 35%, even when using hands-free, so texting is obviously going to be even worse because you are effectively driving blind for however long you look at your phone. In fact, every second you spend texting, you double your chances of being in a crash, so why take the chance? If you are ever driving a car and are about to send a text message or use your phone, think about how important it really is. Is it really worth risking your life to tell someone â€Å"lunch was nice† or â€Å"I’ll be home soon†? Is it worth leaving a child fatherless and asking questions like â€Å"Mum, who will look after me if you go to heaven like dad?† as was the case for 5 year-old Harry Stortz after his Dad Jason was killed by an under-age, unlicensed texting driver? Harry will never get to see his Dad again just so someone could make arrangements to pick a girl up and go to his mate’s house. This is just one horrible example of the vast number of deaths caused by texting while driving. We are all disgusted by drink driving, and for good reason, and using a mobile while driving has been proven in many studies to be just as bad, if not worse. Despite this, around 40% of drivers between 18-24 routinely admit to sending or reading texts while driving. This shows that there is an urgent need for greater fines and punishments for drivers who use their mobiles while driving. Texting while driving is one of the most common causes of accidents on roads. This is because texting while driving results in physical, visual and cognitive distraction. It greatly increases the amount of time a driver spends not looking at the road. It is a very serious distraction that can cost you your life or the lives of other people. According to recent research by Queensland’s RACQ, using a mobile phone in general can relay reaction time as much as having a blood alcohol content of 0.08% which is well over the legal limit of 0.05% in Australia. It reduces your reaction time by 35%, even when using hands-free, so texting is obviously going to be even worse because you are effectively driving blind for however long you look at your phone. In fact, every second you spend texting, you double your chances of being in a crash, so why take the chance? If you are ever driving a car and are about to send a text message or use your phone, think about how important it really is. Is it really worth risking your life to tell someone â€Å"lunch was nice† or â€Å"I’ll be home soon†? Is it worth leaving a child fatherless and asking questions like â€Å"Mum, who will look after me if you go to heaven like dad?† as was the case for 5 year-old Harry Stortz after his Dad Jason was killed by an under-age, unlicensed texting driver? Harry will never get to see his Dad again just so someone could make arrangements to pick a girl up and go to his mate’s house. This is just one horrible example of the vast number of deaths caused by texting while driving. We are all disgusted by drink driving, and for good reason, and using a mobile while driving has been proven in many studies to be just as bad, if not worse. Despite this, around 40% of drivers between 18-24 routinely admit to sending or reading texts while driving. This shows that there is an urgent need for greater fines and punishments for drivers who use their mobiles while driving. Texting while driving is one of the most common causes of accidents on roads. This is because texting while driving results in physical, visual and cognitive distraction. It greatly increases the amount of time a driver spends not looking at the road. It is a very serious distraction that can cost you your life or the lives of other people. According to recent research by Queensland’s RACQ, using a mobile phone in general can relay reaction time as much as having a blood alcohol content of 0.08% which is well over the legal limit of 0.05% in Australia. It reduces your reaction time by 35%, even when using hands-free, so texting is obviously going to be even worse because you are effectively driving blind for however long you look at your phone. In fact, every second you spend texting, you double your chances of being in a crash, so why take the chance? If you are ever driving a car and are about to send a text message or use your phone, think about how important it really is. Is it really worth risking your life to tell someone â€Å"lunch was nice† or â€Å"I’ll be home soon†? Is it worth leaving a child fatherless and asking questions like â€Å"Mum, who  will look after me if you go to heaven like dad?† as was the case for 5 year-old Harry Stortz after his Dad Jason was killed by an under-age, unlicensed texting driver? Harry will never get to see his Dad again just so someone could make arrangements to pick a girl up and go to his mate’s house. This is just one horrible example of the vast number of deaths caused by texting while driving. We are all disgusted by drink driving, and for good reason, and using a mobile while driving has been proven in many studies to be just as bad, if not worse. Despite this, around 40% of drivers between 18-24 routinely admit to sending or reading texts while driving. This shows that there is an urgent need for greater fines and punishments for drivers who use their mobiles while driving.

The Vietnam War :: Vietnam War Essays

The Vietnam War The Vietnam War is truly one of the most unique wars ever fought by the Unites States of by any country. It was never officially declared a war (Knowll, 3). It had no official beginning nor an official end. It was fought over 10,000 miles away in a virtually unknown country. The enemy and the allies looked exactly the alike, and may by day be a friend but by night become an enemy (Aaseng 113). It matched the tried and true tactics of World War Two against a hide, run, and shoot technique known as "Guerrilla Warfare." It matched some of the best trained soldiers in the world against largely an untrained militia of untrained farmers. The United States' soldiers had at least a meal to look forward to unlike the Communist Vietnamese soldiers who considered a fine cuisine to be cold rice and, if lucky, rat meat. The Vietnam War matched the most technically advanced country with one of the least advanced, and the lesser advanced not only beat but humiliated the strongest military in the wo rld (Aaseng, 111). When the war was finally showing signs of end, the Vietnamese returned to a newly unified communist country while the United Stated soldiers returned to be called "baby killers", and were often spat upon. With the complexities of war already long overdrawn because of the length of the war it is no wonder the returning solders often left home confused and returned home insane. Through an examination of the Vietnam War, in particular an event know as the My Lai Massacre, and the people involved with both, it can be proven that when the threshold for violence of a person is met or exceeded, the resulting psychological scarring becomes the most prominent reason for war being hell. Although officially, the Vietnam Conflict had neither a beginning nor an end, for the purpose of this paper it can be best examined through the decade the United States was involved: February 6, 1965 - August 30, 1975. During World War Two the French had been a major ally to the United States in the defeat of Adolph Hitler and the Axis Powers. France occupied and claimed the small coastline country of Vietnam in Indochina. In this region there had been recent Communist uprisings funded by the USSR The Vietnamese were willing to accept Communism in return for what they had been fighting for over 2000 years: self rule.

Causes of Water Pollution Essay

Nowadays, water pollution is a big problem in Vietnam and many researchers have been studying it. Accordingly, there are two main reasons of water pollution in Vietnam. The weakness in industrial wastewater management is the main cause of water pollution in Vietnam. Many industrial facilities use freshwater to carry away waste from their plants into canals, rivers, and lakes. Most of the enterprises don’t have any wastewater treatment system and many industrial zones don’t have a central wastewater treatment plant. Industrial wastewater is directly discharged into canals, lakes, ponds, and rivers, causing serious pollution of surface water. Besides this, the growing number of factories along the river and their untreated waste disposal is causing a lot of diseases and intestinal sicknesses among people living in the vicinity of the river. The water pollution is clearly visible, and residents can see a tarred black color and smell a pungent odor from the river. Another cause of water pollution in Vietnam is the lack of awareness among citizens. Every day people generate a lot of trash, and they throw it directly into canals, rivers, and ponds. They collect water from these sources to do their laundry, wash dishes, and bathe, and then they throw the dirty water that contained detergent and shampoo directly into them. Moreover, villages in Vietnam involve in paper production, livestock slaughtering, weaving and dyeing also produce a huge volume of wastewater and solid waste, all of which is discharged into the environment in a careless manner. As a result, it causes particularly serious levels of water pollution and poison many forms of aquatic life such as fish, shrimp, crabs, and plant life, slowing their development, and even resulting in their death.

Movie Review Film Minority Report Directed By Steven...

In this paper I will be reviewing the movie Minority Report directed by Steven Spielberg released in 2002. In the entire review of this film, I will be discussing some specific aspects such as few scenes from the movie, some technical aspects and the intended audience of the film. In addition I will add my own opinion to all the aspects throughout this paper. Finally I will round off my review by concluding why this film is worth of watching both for personal entertainment and academic purpose. In this film Tom Cruise plays the role of protagonist as Chief John Anderton. The role of antagonist is played by Max von Sydow as Director Lamar and Colin Farrell as Danny Witwer. Besides, one of the vital roles is played by Samantha Morton as Agatha. This movie takes place during the year of 2054 in Washington, D.C. Tom Cruise as John Anderton is an officer working for an organization called Pre-Crime. In Pre-Crime there are three twins called as Precog who have the ability to visualize murder in the near future. In the Pre-Crime there is a red ball which shows the name of the future murderer when the Precogs predict any murder. The task of John Anderton and his squad is to stop these murders before happening and there has not been a single murder in last six years. The main twist of the plot occurs when the Precog premeditates that John Anderton himself will be a murderer. John Anderton has no clue about the person he is going to murder and he flees away not to get arrested by the Show MoreRelatedProduct Placement10682 Words   |  43 PagesRecent scholarship in film and media studies has drawn attention to the fact that product placement was a common feature of many of the earliest actualities and cinematic attractions that characterised the first ten years of cinema history [7] [8] [edit] Placement in movies Recognizable brand names appeared in movies from cinemas earliest history. Before films were even narrative forms in the sense that they are recognised today, industrial concerns funded the making of what film scholar Tom GunningRead MoreProduct Placement10670 Words   |  43 PagesRecent scholarship in film and media studies has drawn attention to the fact that product placement was a common feature of many of the earliest actualities and cinematic attractions that characterised the first ten years of cinema history [7] [8] [edit] Placement in movies Recognizable brand names appeared in movies from cinemas earliest history. Before films were even narrative forms in the sense that they are recognised today, industrial concerns funded the making of what film scholar Tom Gunning